system training for emotional predictability and problem solving.Specialized psychosocial treatment approaches are chosen to fit the goals of the client and the skills base of the clinician. In the past, specialized treatment for BPD was hard to find, but the disorder is now being better recognized and diagnosed, and more communities have established specialized treatment programs that significantly improve outcomes for people with BPD. Though histories of physical and sexual abuse are reported to be high among those with BPD, many other experiences can play a role for a child who is already emotionally vulnerable. However, families that provide a nurturing and caring environment may still have children who develop BPD, while children who experience appalling childhoods do not necessarily develop BPD. As well, twin and family history studies have shown a genetic influence, with higher rates of BPD and/or other related mental health disorders among close family members.Įnvironmental factors that may contribute to the development of BPD in vulnerable individuals include separation, neglect, abuse or other traumatic childhood events. Researchers have found differences in certain areas of the brain that might explain impulsive behaviour, emotional instability and the way people perceive events. A person is born with certain personality or temperamental characteristics because of the way his or her brain is “wired,” and these characteristics are further shaped by environmental experiences-and possibly by cultural experiences-as the person grows up. Our current understanding is that a person’s genetic inheritance, biology and environmental experiences all contribute to the development of BPD. volatile and stormy interpersonal relationships with attitudes to others that can shift from idealization to anger and dislike (a result of black and white thinking that perceives people as all good or all bad).impulsive and emotionally volatile behaviours that may lead to the very abandonment and alienation that the person fears.intense fear of being alone or of being abandoned, agitation with even brief separation from family, friends or therapist (because of difficulty to feel emotionally connected to someone who is not there).suicide (about 10 per cent of people with BPD take their own lives). non-suicidal self-injury such as cutting, burning with a cigarette or overdose that can bring relief from intense emotional pain (onset usually in early adolescence) up to 75 per cent of people with BPD self-injure one or more times.impulsive and harmful behaviours such as problematic use of substances, overeating, gambling or high-risk sexual behaviours.self-image that can change depending on whom the person is with.paranoid thoughts and dissociative states in which the mind or psyche “shuts off” painful thoughts or feelings.emptiness associated with loneliness and neediness.intense but short-lived bouts of anger, depression or anxiety.The types and severity of BPD symptoms may differ from person to person because people have different predispositions and life histories, and symptoms can fluctuate over time. Relapse in one disorder may trigger a relapse in the other disorder. Sometimes it can be difficult to diagnose BPD because the symptoms of the co-occurring disorder mimic or hide the symptoms of BPD. It is very common for someone with BPD to have other mental health problems. People with BPD have been described as living with constant emotional pain, and the symptoms of BPD are a result of their efforts to cope with this pain. They are highly sensitive to what is going on around them and can react with intense emotions to small changes in their environment. People with BPD have difficulty regulating or handling their emotions or controlling their impulses. Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a serious, long-lasting and complex mental health problem.
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